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An Overview
Dry eye syndrome is one of the most common problems treated by eye physicians. Over ten million Americans suffer from dry eyes. It is usually caused by a problem with the quality of the tear film that lubricates the eyes.
Tears are comprised of three layers. The mucus layer coats the cornea, the eye's clear outer window, forming a foundation so the tear film can adhere to the eye. The middle aqueous layer provides moisture and supplies oxygen and other important nutrients to the cornea. This layer is made of 98 percent water along with small amounts of salt, proteins and other compounds. The outer lipid layer is an oily film that seals the tear film on the eye and helps to prevent evaporation.
Tears are formed in several glands around the eye. The water layer is produced in the lacrimal gland, located under the upper eyelid. Several smaller glands in the lids make the oil and mucus layers. With each blink, the eyelids spread the tears over the eye. Excess tears flow into two tiny drainage ducts in the corner of the eye by the nose. These ducts lead to tiny canals that connect to the nasal passage. The connection between the tear ducts and the nasal passage is the reason that crying causes a runny nose.
In addition to lubricating the eye, tears are also produced as a reflex response to outside stimulus such as an injury or emotion. However, reflex tears do little to soothe a dry eye, which is why someone with watery eyes may still complain of irritation.
Dry eye syndrome has many causes. One of the most common reasons for dryness is simply the normal aging process. As we grow older, our bodies produce less oil - 60% less at age 65 then at age 18. This is more pronounced in women, who tend to have drier skin then men. The oil deficiency also affects the tear film. Without as much oil to seal the watery layer, the tear film evaporates much faster, leaving dry areas on the cornea.
Many other factors, such as hot, dry or windy climates, high altitudes, air-conditioning and cigarette smoke also cause dry eyes. Many people also find their eyes become irritated when reading or working on a computer. Stopping periodically to rest and blink keeps the eyes more comfortable.
Contact lens wearers may also suffer from dryness because the contacts absorb the tear film, causing proteins to form on the surface of the lens. Certain medications, thyroid conditions, vitamin A deficiency, and diseases such as Parkinson's and Sjogren's can also cause dryness. Women frequently experience problems with dry eyes as they enter menopause because of hormonal changes.
Symptoms
Detection and Diagnosis
There are several methods to test for dry eyes. The doctor will first determine the underlying cause by measuring the production, evaporation rate and quality of the tear film. Special drops that highlight problems that would be otherwise invisible are particularly helpful to diagnose the presence and extent of the dryness.
Treatment
A treatment option - Hydroeyes™
When it comes to treating dry eyes, everyone's needs are a little different. Many find relief simply from using artificial tears on a regular basis. Some of these products are watery and alleviate the symptoms temporarily; others are thicker and adhere to the eye longer. Preservative-free tears are recommended because they are the most soothing and have fewer additives that could potentially irritate. Avoid products that whiten the eyes - they don't have adequate lubricating qualities and often make the problem worse.
Closing the opening of the tear drain in the eyelid with special inserts called punctal plugs is another option. This works like closing a sink drain with a stopper. These special plugs trap the tears on the eye, keeping it moist. This may be done on a temporary basis with a dissolvable collagen plug, or permanently with a silicone plug.
There are also simple lifestyle changes that can significantly improve irritation from dry eyes. For example, drinking eight to ten glasses of water each day keeps the body hydrated and flushes impurities. Make a conscious effort to blink frequently - especially when reading or watching television. Avoid rubbing the eyes. This only worsens the irritation.
Treating dry eye problems is important not only for comfort, but also for the health of the cornea.
Additional Treatment for Dry Eyes
(This article was updated on 9/4/2001 New Supplement Gives Relief for Patients With Dry Eyes)
Patients and their physicians are discovering the missing link between nutrition and dry eye
Until recently, the primary treatments for dry eye problems have consisted of topical eye drops, ointments and a simple procedure that involves sealing the tear drain. However, scientists are beginning to realize the role nutritional supplements play in relieving dry eye symptoms.
A new product called HydroEye, manufactured by ScienceBased Health, Inc. is designed to treat the root of the problem rather than simply ease the symptoms of dry eye. This specially formulated capsule improves the quality of the eye's lubrication by enhancing the production of the building blocks of the tear film: mucous, water, and oil. This all-natural product contains essential vitamins, minerals and natural oils that stimulate the body's production of tears.
Initial reports from patients who have tried HydroEye are positive. "It's really helped tremendously," reported one dry eye patient. "I've tried everything under the sun -- you name it -- and I'm finally getting some relief."
Order Hydroeye
HydroEye is available at Promise Book Shoppe, a non-profit book store located in St. Luke's. For more information, please visit their web page or call 1-800-282-9905 ext:3323, Monday through Friday, between the hours of 8:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. E.S.T. or email us at Promise@stlukeseye.com
Important: Please Consult Your Physician Before Adding Essential Fatty Acids to Your Diet
In addition to HydroEyes™, lubricating drops, ointments and other medical treatments, nutritional supplements can be extremely beneficial to dry eye patients. Those with severely dry eyes should use HydroEyes™ along with supplements containing essential fatty acids (a vital element for the body's production of oils). For maximum relief, try the following regimen:
*A good supplier of flaxseed oil will refrigerate and date their product. Oils break down over time, so always choose the most recent date
Dry or winter climates often intensify dry eye symptoms. During the winter, it may be necessary to adjust the above regimen as needed for the most benefit.
How to order Hydroeyes™
Hydroeyes™ can be ordered from
St. Luke's Promise Book ShoppeBy Tel:: 800.282.9905 Ext:3323 Monday through Friday, 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. E.S.T.
By E-Mail : Promise@stlukeseye.com
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